Teman-teman, diantara kalian pasti ada kan yang ingin bisa membuat
animasi? Nah, berikut ini, saya jelaskan sedikit tentang tata cara
membuat animasi berupa flash atau kartun untuk pemula dengan menggunakan
software Pencil. Penjelasan aplikasinya bisa dilihat dengan versi
Bahasa Inggris disini:
A Pencil document is organized in layers. There are currently four
types of layers: bitmap image, vector image, sound and camera. The Time
Line window at the bottom of the screen shows the existing layers. By
default, a new document contains a bitmap layer and a vector layer on
top of it, but you can add and delete layers as you wish (using either
the
or
buttons next to “Layers”, or the menu Layer).
The names of the layers can be changed to represent what you've put in
each by double-clicking on the name of the layer in the timeline. A
window will pop up, allowing you to edit the layer's name. Click OK when
you have changed it to the name you want and the new name will appear
in the timeline.
Each layer has a track which enables you to change it as a function of
time. This is done by inserting keys (the little gray rectangles) at
certain frames in the track. Each key contains information about what
the layer should show or produce at the frame where the key is located.
To add or delete keys at a particular frame in a layer track, use the
or
buttons next to “Keys” (shortcut: type “return” to create a new
frame). For image layers (ie bitmap and vector), each key corresponds
to a different image. The sequence of these images creates an
animation. The current frame is indicated by the red bar and can be
changed by moving the red bar to scrub through your animation (or use
the left and right arrows). To play the animation, use the controls in
the time line. Note that you can loop the animation, as well as set the
number of frames per seconds.
(note, you can loop and change the frame rate of the animation whilst
the animation is playing; this is great in terms of frame rate to find
the best speed of your animation).
To select a layer that you want to edit, just click on it in the
layer list (or use the up and down arrows). You can change the layer
order by dragging their name. The order affects the way image layers
are displayed on top of each other; it does not affect the sound and
camera layers. Layer properties, such as their name, can be changed by
double-clicking on the name (see above).
Layers can be activated or deactivated by clicking the circle at the
very left of their icon. A deactivated image layer is hidden from the
canvas view.
If the currently selected layer is an image layer, it is shown in the
canvas view at full opacity. By default, the other image layers are
semi-transparent, to help you focus on the selected layer. However, if
you wish to see all the image layers at full opacity (as they will
appear in the final rendering), press the circle above all the layers to
turn it black. If on the contrary, you want to concentrate on the
selected layer and hide all the other layers, press again the circle to
turn it blank.
The first thing you might want do to with Pencil is drawing. In
fact, disregarding the tracks and animation controls in the the time
line (which can be all hidden by dragging the vertical separator in the
time line), one can use Pencil as a drawing program. Using the
standard drawing tools (pen, pencil, brush, paint bucket…), you can
draw a picture in one of the image layers. By default, the first
selected layer in a new document is a bitmap image layer. Note that you
can draw anywhere inside the main window: it is a canvas with
unlimited space.
The drawing tools behave more or less as one might expect. The size,
colour, etc, of each tool can be specified in the Options palette. If a
tablet stylet is used (which is recommended!), the pressure is used to
affect the width and/or opacity of the selected tool. If you don't
have a stylet (but only a mouse), it might be easier to draw with the
polyline tool than the pencil or pen tools. Simply click different
points on the canvas, and a smooth curve going through these points is
created. When you are done, double-click on the last point (or press
return). If you just want to draw a straight line, click to define the
starting point and double-click to define the ending point.
A tool intented to do the sketching. It doesn't have any feather options.
If
Size with pressure is enabled, the pen pressure will adjust the opacity of the stroke:
If
Size with pressure is disabled, the pen pressure will have no effect:
A bitmap only tool, intended to create airbrush style strokes. The
feathering can be adjusted, so it is also possible to create hard-edged
stroke by setting feathering to something like 3.0. (Don’t set it to
zero, since you do want some antialias.)
The
Stop at contour checkmark will let you paint at the layer
below the currently selected layer. (Please note that the layer below is
positioned above your current layer in Pencils Time Line)
If
Size with pressure is enabled, the size of the stroke is controlled by the pen pressure:
If
Size with pressure is disabled, the opacity of the stroke is controlled by the pen pressure:
A tool used for inking.
One important note about the draw tool: If antialias is turned on in the preferences menu, it does two thing:
It apply anti-alias to the real-time view that you are seeing
It apply antialias to each stroke of the draw tool
So, you certainly want your anti-alias to be turned on when using the Draw tool on a bitmap layer.
If
Size with pressure is enabled, the size of the stroke is controlled by the pen pressure:
If
Size with pressure is disabled, the size of the stroke is fixed:
All three tools have this option. When enabled, the alpha is
preserved, so that you will only paint on top of your previous strokes.
Here, I have painted with a red Colouring Tool on top of some black
strokes:
When a vector image layer is selected, you can use the same tools to
draw on this layer. The main difference is that all your drawings and
strokes are converted to geometrical shapes. As a result, you can zoom
or enlarge your drawing without getting any “pixel” (aliasing) effect.
When you change a colour in the Colours palette, the colour is
automatically changed in the vector image. The points of vector curves
can be adjusted using the finger tool. That makes vector images ideal
for finished “clear-cut” drawings (typically a character in an
animation), while you might prefer bitmap images for quick drafts or
more complex/fuzzy images (typically a background in an animation).
Note 1 - the pencil tool is intended for curves which will not be
displayed in the final drawing. Hence, these invisible curves are only
displayed as dashed curves, which you can hide and show using the
button. To draw visible curves, use the pen or polyline tool.
Note 2 - for vector images, the paint bucket tool (used to fill a
contour) is not 100% reliable, because this operation is non trivial for
vector shapes (trust me on that!). Thus, you might need to click
several times at different locations before having the desired contour
filled. If it does not work, check that the contour is closed (zoom in
and/or use the outline display button - or press F1). If you find a gap,
close it with the pen, pencil or polyline. If it still does not work,
redraw over some junctions to make sure all curves are connected.
Using the hand tool, you can move the canvas in all directions. You
can also zoom in and out by holding the command key (Apple on the Mac)
and dragging the hand. Alternatively, you can drag with the right
button of your mouse. To go back to the original view, simply
double-click with the hand tool, or double-click the hand tool button.
Now we want to make an animation. As mentioned above, the point is to create several key images in an image layer.
It may help you to think first of the extreme key frames in your
animation and draw them first (then you can move the frame around
afterwards as you expand).
Key Frames
This would for example be (if you imagine a swinging ball on a string),
the right most, middle and left most frames of the ball moving. The
trick is then working out how fast you want it to move, and how you want
your ball to change speed.
Thinking about this will help you to understand what you do and don't
need as an animator; when you (or if you already do) more complicated
animations, you will want to be very conservative about drawing only the
frames you really need, as you will often have deadlines and be
working with hundreds of frames.
Frames per second?
Generally, filmed sequences will use a timing of 25 frames per second (fps).
Now that we know this, as an animator, you may find drawing 25fps is not
needed at all. Often animators and the audiences watching them are
happy using and watching 12fps. Although this will give you less
flexibility in terms of seamless seamless SEAMLESS detail, 12fps is more
than likely what is best to use in most circumstances.
But mess around with the fps and experiment, this is very important.
The traditional way of drawing key images is to use the previous (or
next) key image to guide the drawing of the current key image, by
displaying the previous (or next) key images in semi-transparency. This
is called onion skin. You can use the onion skin buttons to activate or
deactivate the previous and next onion skins.
To test and improve your animation you can change the timing of
keys. Click to select one key in the timeline and drag it where you
want. To select several keys, use the hold the SHIFT key. Often you
will want to extend the time between two keys, which implies moving all
the subsequent keys. To do that, hold the ALT key and click the second
key; this will automatically select all the subsequent keys.
If you feel more comfortable with drawing sketches on real paper,
you might want to import existing drawings in Pencil. You can import a
bitmap image at a particular frame in a bitmap layer by using the
Import image… command in the Layer menu. Alternatively, you can drag
and drop bitmap images from an external window onto the canvas. A key
is created for each imported image. This is particularly useful when
you have a lot of images. By default, the top left corner of each image
is set to the centre of the view. If you want to import your images at
a particular location, use the select tool and drag a rectangle on the
canvas. The images will be imported in the rectangle. If the images
are larger than the rectangle, they will be rescaled.
Note 1 that you can also paste images from the clipboard, ie from other applications by copying/pasting.
Note 2 that multiple numbered images will be imported in numerical order on the timeline.
A camera layer lets you define a particular view, with a certain
aspect ratio, within your unlimited canvas. What's more, you can define
a view for each key of the camera track, and the view is linearly
interpolated between the keys. To do that, simply create a camera
layer, move the red scrub to the desired frame and use the hand tool to
adjust the view inside the camera viewing frame. By double-clicking on
the camera name, you can set the resolution of the camera viewing
frame.
Pencil has some elementary sound support. To add some sound, create a
sound layer. Then select the “Import sound…” command in the Layer menu
and choose a sound file (only WAV format is supported on Windows; the
Mac version can import any format that can be read by QuickTime). This
will create a triangular key in the sound track. The key indicates
where the sound will start to play. You can move this key as any other
key. A sound layer does not play any sound when it is deactivated. All
sounds can be turned on and off for the whole animation by pressing the
sound button in the the time-line controls.
Note that the sound will not play if its starting key is a the end of
the time line, simply because Pencil stops playing when it reaches the
last key of the document. You may need to add a key in some layer to be
able to hear the sound.
Here is a typical example to draw one frame. We start in a bitmap layer and use the pencil tool to sketch a character:
Once the draft is finished, we go to a vector layer and use the pen tool
to “ink” the character, ie draw clean lines on top of the draft. In
order to draw precisely, you might need to zoom in the picture. To do
that, select the hand tool
and right click on the picture (or click with Apple-key on the Mac)
and drag the mouse. You will get a dynamic zoom into the centre of the
picture. If you experience some difficulty drawing with the pen tool
(especially with a mouse instead of a stylet), you can also use the
polyline tool
.
The next step is to put some colours. Select the paint bucket tool and
select a colour in the palette (click the black square to show the
colour palette). The palette comes with a limited number predefined
colours. You can change them at any time and add as many colours as you
want. Once you've picked a colour, click with the paint pucket tool
inside a region you want to fill. Make sure there is no gap in your
drawing. Sometimes, the program fails to fill the region. In this case
click at another place or zoom in the region an try again.
If you like, you can add shadows to your picture. To do that, use the
pencil tool. Used with vector layers, this tool creates dashed path
which do not appear in the final version of your animation. These paths
will define the border of the shadows. Then you can fill these regions
with darker colours.
To hide or show these paths, press the button
. Finally, click on the circle next to the bitmap layer to hide the original sketch.
To create an animation, you have to sketch several frames and test that
your animation works well. Then you can ink your drawings using the
method described above.
If you wish, you can use only bitmap layers. In that case, make sure
you have a bitmap layer below the bitmap layer that you ink: this way,
clicking with the paint bucket will put colours not in the current
layer, but in the layer below it, which preserves your original drawing.
You can save your work in a specific
XML
format, along with a folder containing the bitmap data. This is the
format currently used by Pencil to save a document. You can also export
your animation as a sequence of
PNG images, or as a Flash movie or a QuickTime movie (Mac
OS
X only). Note that the current view is used for the export,ie either
the working view or the camera view if a camera layer is selected. It
might be possible to export to other vector formats such as
SVG in the future.
sumber :
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